Hydrogen Projects by Country and Status

Focusing on the top 10 countries and highlighting operational projects

#SWDchallenge
Author

Steven Ponce

Published

September 1, 2024

Figure 1: This stacked bar chart showcases the number of hydrogen projects in the top 10 countries, emphasizing operational projects. The countries included are Germany, the United States, Australia, Spain, France, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, China, India, and Denmark. The bars are divided by project status, with operational projects highlighted in orange. The United Kingdom is also singled out with the annotation “Total H2 Projects per Country,” indicating its total of 110 projects. The data is from The Hydrogen Production Projects Database, and the visualization aims to underscore the distribution and status of hydrogen projects in these leading countries.

Steps to Create this Graphic

1. Load Packages & Setup

Code 
pacman::p_load(
  tidyverse,   # Easily Install and Load the 'Tidyverse'
  ggtext,      # Improved Text Rendering Support for 'ggplot2'
  showtext,    # Using Fonts More Easily in R Graphs
  janitor,     # Simple Tools for Examining and Cleaning Dirty Data
  skimr,       # Compact and Flexible Summaries of Data
  scales,      # Scale Functions for Visualization
  lubridate,   # Make Dealing with Dates a Little Easier
  glue,        # Interpreted String Literals
  readxl,      # Read Excel Files
  countrycode, # Convert Country Names and Country Codes
  marquee,     # Markdown Parser and Renderer for R Graphics
  ggforce      # Accelerating 'ggplot2'    
)

### |- figure size ---- 
camcorder::gg_record( 
  dir    = here::here("temp_plots"), 
  device = "png",
  width  = 8,
  height = 8,
  units  = "in",
  dpi    = 320)

### |- resolution ---- 
showtext_opts(dpi = 320, regular.wt = 300, bold.wt = 800)

2. Read in the Data

Code 
worldwide_hydrogen_projects <- read_xlsx(
  here::here("data/Hydrogen_production_projects_corrected.xlsx"),
  sheet = "Projects", skip = 3, trim_ws = TRUE
  ) |>
  clean_names() |>
  glimpse()

3. Examine the Data

Code 
glimpse(worldwide_hydrogen_projects)
skim(worldwide_hydrogen_projects)
colnames(worldwide_hydrogen_projects)

4. Tidy Data

Code 
plot_data <- worldwide_hydrogen_projects |>
  filter(!is.na(country), !is.na(status)) |>
  count(country, status) |>
  # Lump less common countries into "Other"
  mutate(country = fct_lump(country, n = 10, w = n)) |>
  group_by(country) |>
  mutate(total_projects = sum(n)) |>
  ungroup() |>
  filter(country != "Other") |>
  # Convert ISO3 country codes to country names
  mutate(country = countrycode(country, origin = 'iso3c', destination = 'country.name')) |>
  arrange(desc(total_projects))

5. Visualization Parameters

Code 
### |- plot aesthetics ---- 
bkg_col      <- colorspace::lighten('#f7f5e9', 0.05)    
title_col    <- "#3d3d3d"           
subtitle_col <- "#3d3d3d"     
caption_col  <- "gray30"   
text_col     <- colorspace::darken("#8e8a7b" , 0.2)    

# Define colors to highlight Operational projects
highlight_colors <- c(
  "Operational"       = "#E69F00",  # Highlight color
  "Concept"           = "grey80",
  "DEMO"              = "grey70",
  "FID/Construction"  = "grey60",
  "Other"             = "grey50",
  "Decomissioned"     = "grey40",
  "Feasibility study" = "grey30"
)

### |-  titles and caption ----
# icons
tt <- str_glue("#SWDchallenge: SEP 2024 &bull; Source: The Hydrogen Production Projects Database<br>")
li <- str_glue("<span style='font-family:fa6-brands'>&#xf08c;</span>")  
gh <- str_glue("<span style='font-family:fa6-brands'>&#xf09b;</span>")
mn <- str_glue("<span style='font-family:fa6-brands'>&#xf4f6;</span>")

# text
title_text    <- str_glue("Hydrogen Projects by Country and Status") 
subtitle_text <- "Focusing on the top 10 countries and highlighting {#E69F00 _**operational**_} projects"
caption_text  <- str_glue("{tt} {li} stevenponce &bull; {mn} @sponce1(graphic.social) &bull; {gh} poncest &bull; #rstats #ggplot2")

### |-  fonts ----
font_add('fa6-brands', here::here('fonts/6.6.0/Font Awesome 6 Brands-Regular-400.otf'))
font_add_google("Oswald", regular.wt = 400, family = "title")                 
font_add_google("Quattrocento Sans", regular.wt = 400, family = "subtitle")  
font_add_google("Quattrocento Sans", regular.wt = 400, family = "text")        
font_add_google("Noto Sans", regular.wt = 400,family = "caption")
showtext_auto(enable = TRUE)  

### |-  plot theme ----
theme_set(theme_minimal(base_size = 14, base_family = "text"))                

theme_update(
  plot.title.position   = "plot",
  plot.caption.position = "plot",
  
  legend.position       = "top",
  legend.title          = element_text(size = rel(.85), hjust = 0.5),
  legend.text           = element_text(size = rel(0.8)),
  
  plot.margin           = margin(t = 10, r = 15, b = 0, l = 15),       
  plot.background       = element_rect(fill = bkg_col, color = bkg_col),
  panel.background      = element_rect(fill = bkg_col, color = bkg_col),
  
  axis.title.x          = element_text(margin = margin(10, 0, 0, 0), size = rel(1), 
                                       color = text_col, family = 'text', face = 'bold'),
  axis.title.y          = element_text(margin = margin(0, 10, 0, 0), size = rel(1), 
                                       color = text_col, family = 'text', face = 'bold'),
  axis.text             = element_text(size = rel(0.75), color = text_col, family = 'text'),
  axis.line.x           = element_line(color = "#7F7F7F", linewidth = 0.2),
  
  panel.grid.minor.y    = element_blank(),
  panel.grid.major.y    = element_blank(),
  
  panel.grid.minor.x    = element_blank(),
  panel.grid.major.x    = element_line(linetype = "dotted", linewidth = 0.1, color = 'gray40'),
)

6. Plot

Code 
### |-  initial plot ----  
p <- plot_data |>
  ggplot(aes(x = reorder(country, -total_projects), y = n, fill = status)) +
  
  # Geoms
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", position = "stack", width = 0.7) +
  
  # Add total project labels at the end of each bar
  geom_text(aes(label = total_projects), 
            y = plot_data$total_projects + 5,  
            hjust = 0, color = text_col, size = 3.5) +
  
  # Add labels specifically for Operational projects
  geom_text(aes(label = ifelse(status == "Operational", n, "")), 
            position = position_stack(vjust = 0.5), color = "white", size = 3.5) +
  
  # Add country label above Denmark
  geom_text(aes(label = "Country", x = "Denmark", y = 0),
            size = 5.5, color = text_col, family = "text", fontface = "bold", 
            hjust = 1.4, vjust = -1.5) +
  
  # Scales
  scale_x_discrete() +
  scale_y_continuous(limits = c(0, 205)) +
  scale_fill_manual(
    values = highlight_colors, 
    guide = guide_legend(nrow = 2)
    ) +
  coord_flip(clip = 'off') +

  # Labs
  labs(
    x = "",
    y = "Number of Projects",
    fill = "Project Status",
    title    = title_text,
    subtitle = subtitle_text,
    caption  = caption_text,
  ) +
  
  # Theme
  theme(
    
    plot.title    = element_text(
      size        = rel(1.8),
      family      = "title",
      face        = "bold",
      color       = title_col,
      lineheight  = 1.1,
      margin      = margin(t = 5, b = 5)
    ),        
    plot.subtitle = element_marquee(
      size        = rel(1.1),
      family      = 'subtitle',
      color       = subtitle_col,
      lineheight  = 1.4, 
      margin      = margin(t = 5, b = 1)
    ),
    plot.caption  = element_markdown(
      size        = rel(.55), 
      family      = 'caption',
      color       = caption_col,
      lineheight  = 0.6,
      hjust       = 0,
      halign      = 0,
      margin      = margin(t = 10, b = 10)
    )
  )

### |-  annotated plot ----  

# label data
label_data <- tibble(
  country = "United Kingdom",
  total_projects = 119
)

p <- p + 
  ggforce::geom_mark_circle(
    data = label_data,
    aes(
      x = country, 
      y = total_projects, 
      label = "", 
      description = "Total H2 Projects per Country",
      ),
    expand = 0.03, 
    label.buffer = unit(-1, "lines"),
    color = "gray70",
    fill = "transparent",
    label.fill = bkg_col,
    label.fontsize = 8,
    label.family = "text",
    con.type = "elbow",
    label.colour = 'gray20', 
    con.colour = 'gray60'
  )

7. Save

Code 
### |-  plot image ----  
ggsave(
  filename = here::here("data_visualizations/SWD Challenge/2024/swd_2024_09.png"),
  plot = p,
  width  =  8,
  height =  8,
  units  = "in",
  dpi    = 320
)
 
### |-  plot thumbnail----  
magick::image_read(here::here("data_visualizations/SWD Challenge/2024/swd_2024_09.png")) |> 
  magick::image_resize(geometry = "400") |> 
  magick::image_write(here::here("data_visualizations/SWD Challenge/2024/thumbnails/swd_2024_09.png"))

8. Session Info

R version 4.4.1 (2024-06-14 ucrt)
Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64
Running under: Windows 11 x64 (build 22631)

Matrix products: default


locale:
[1] LC_COLLATE=English_United States.utf8 
[2] LC_CTYPE=English_United States.utf8   
[3] LC_MONETARY=English_United States.utf8
[4] LC_NUMERIC=C                          
[5] LC_TIME=English_United States.utf8    

time zone: America/New_York
tzcode source: internal

attached base packages:
[1] stats     graphics  grDevices datasets  utils     methods   base     

loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
 [1] htmlwidgets_1.6.4 compiler_4.4.0    fastmap_1.2.0     cli_3.6.3        
 [5] htmltools_0.5.8.1 tools_4.4.0       rstudioapi_0.16.0 yaml_2.3.10      
 [9] rmarkdown_2.28    knitr_1.48        jsonlite_1.8.8    xfun_0.47        
[13] digest_0.6.37     rlang_1.1.4       renv_1.0.3        evaluate_0.24.0

9. GitHub Repository

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