Does This Look Random to You?

An interactive data-journalism piece about randomness, probability, and why real Powerball drawings often look suspicious

An interactive data-journalism piece examining three real Powerball drawing patterns — consecutive numbers, shared numbers between draws, and long droughts — against 5,000-replicate Monte Carlo simulation, and what each reveals about how humans misread random processes.

NoteRead the interactive article

→ Does This Look Random to You?

This page documents the analysis, editorial decisions, and implementation behind the project.

← Back to Steven Ponce’s Data Visualization Portfolio

The lottery isn’t the subject of this piece — it’s the evidence.

Project at a glance

Duration	July 2026
Role	Analysis, editorial design, visualization, implementation
Deliverable	Interactive long-form data story
Tools	R, ggplot2, Quarto, Monte Carlo simulation, HTML/CSS
Data	NY State Gaming Commission Powerball drawings
Live article	randomness-docket.netlify.app

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Randomness isn’t the absence of patterns. It’s the presence of patterns that don’t mean anything.

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1. Context, problem, and goal

Context

Real Powerball drawings routinely produce results that look rigged — consecutive numbers, two draws sharing several numbers, a single number absent for dozens of drawings in a row. Each pattern triggers the same instinct: this can’t be an accident.

Problem

At the sample sizes involved — thousands of drawings, each drawing picking 5 numbers from a pool of 69 — apparent patterns are not just possible, they’re expected. The challenge was building a piece that could hold both truths at once: the patterns are real and visually striking, and they are exactly what a fair random process predicts. Neither half of that sentence can be dropped without misleading the reader.

Goal

Build an interactive, evidence-first narrative that walks readers through three real drawings, letting suspicion register before the explanation arrives and closing with a reframing rather than a simple “nothing to see here.”

This was a solo portfolio project, treated with the same editorial discipline as a public-facing data-journalism piece — not a one-off chart.

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2. Why Powerball?

Powerball provides a well-understood random process with publicly available data spanning thousands of drawings. That makes it an ideal case study for exploring how people interpret randomness. The goal wasn’t to investigate the lottery itself, but to examine why perfectly ordinary random outcomes often appear suspicious.

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3. Approach: three exhibits, one evidentiary standard

The piece is structured as a docket — three “exhibits,” each pairing a real drawing against what 5,000-replicate Monte Carlo simulation (real draw mechanics, 5-of-69, no replacement) says a fair process should produce at the same sample size:

• Exhibit A — Consecutive numbers. A single drawing with back-to-back numbers.
• Exhibit B — Shared numbers. Two drawings overlapping more than expected.
• Exhibit C — Long droughts. A number absent for dozens of consecutive drawings.

All three exhibits use current-era statistics (2015–present), matching the 2015 change to the white-ball pool size — mixing eras would silently invalidate the comparison.

One phrase carries the entire evidentiary weight of the piece: consistent with a fair random process — never “is random.” The distinction matters. The piece never claims to prove randomness; it claims the observed pattern falls inside the range a fair process would produce.

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4. What the analysis finds

Exhibit A — Consecutive numbers.
26.4% of current-era drawings contain at least one consecutive pair, against a simulated expectation of 26.3%. The observed rate and the modeled rate are effectively identical.

Exhibit B — Shared numbers between draws.
32.0% of consecutive drawing pairs share at least one number, against a hypergeometric expectation of 32.2% (n = 1,369 drawings, current era). Again, the observed frequency closely matches the theoretical expectation.

Exhibit C — Long droughts.
Number 23’s 48-drawing drought sits at the 16th percentile of the simulated drought-length distribution — unusual-feeling, but well within the range a fair process regularly produces across 69 numbers tracked over thousands of drawings.

Across all three exhibits, the pattern is the same: what looks like signal is noise operating exactly as expected at this sample size.

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5. Piece structure: exhibits, not chapters

The reading experience pairs sticky figures with scrolling text — each panel stays in view while the surrounding prose builds the case, then releases as the next exhibit begins.

Exhibit A — Consecutive numbers

Establishes the mechanism: a real drawing containing consecutive numbers, read against the simulated distribution. Sets the evidentiary pattern the other two exhibits repeat.

Exhibit B — Shared numbers

Two real drawings, numbers in common, next to the hypergeometric expectation. The gold/blue distinction — gold for observed, blue for expected/model — carries through every panel so the reader doesn’t have to re-learn the encoding.

Exhibit C — Long droughts

A single number’s absence stretched across 48 drawings, positioned against the full simulated drought-length distribution rather than a single expected value — droughts are inherently a distribution question, not a point-estimate one.

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6. Key design decisions

No unverified audience claims
First-person observational statements (“this looks unusual”) are fine; unverified claims about what audiences generally think (“most people believe…”, “the human brain evolved to…”) were rejected throughout editing. The writing stays with what the evidence supports rather than making claims about what readers generally believe or why they believe it.

The standfirst does not preview the reveal
Every exhibit’s payoff belongs to that exhibit. The introduction sets up the investigation and stops there — testing each draft against a simple rule: does this sentence do work that belongs to a specific exhibit instead of the frame around it?

Micro-triggers are navigation, not narration
The short text cues between exhibits move the reader forward. They don’t restate what the panel already shows — the evidence carries itself.

The coda reframes rather than concludes
“Randomness isn’t the absence of patterns. It’s the presence of patterns that don’t mean anything” was chosen over a flatter “resolved investigation” ending because it gives the reader a new way to hold the whole piece, not just a summary of what they already saw.

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7. Out of scope — by design

• Claims that any single drawing is “random” (the piece’s standard is consistent with a fair process, never a proof of randomness)
• Speculation about lottery integrity, rigging, or operator behavior
• Predictive claims about future drawings
• Statistical significance testing beyond percentile placement against the simulated distribution

These were excluded to keep the piece’s claims exactly as strong as the evidence supports — no stronger.

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8. Technical lessons from the build

From Closeread to plain CSS position: sticky

The first implementation used Quarto’s Closeread extension. During development it became clear that the interaction model — scroll-linked JavaScript, cr-active state, sequential-reveal wiring — was more complex than the narrative actually required, since this piece is one static image per section rather than multiple states per figure. The final version was rebuilt using plain CSS position: sticky. The result preserves the same reading experience while substantially reducing implementation complexity and removing the JavaScript dependency entirely. The Closeread build is preserved in git history — useful precedent for a future project whose format is naturally sequential-reveal, where that framework’s value proposition genuinely applies.

quarto publish netlify renders and deploys in one command

First run opens a browser tab for account authorization and writes _publish.yml; every subsequent run is the same one-line command and keeps the same URL. First publish always creates a new Netlify site rather than touching any existing one — worth renaming the auto-generated slug immediately, since that’s the URL you may be committing to for years.

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9. Outcome and reflection

Outcome

The final piece walks a reader through three real, visually convincing patterns and resolves each one against simulation — without ever overclaiming what “consistent with a fair random process” can support. The sticky-figure reading experience delivers the intended narrative feel at a fraction of the implementation cost of the framework originally chosen for the job. The finished article is designed to leave readers with a different intuition about randomness than they had when they began — that’s the success criterion, not the statistics themselves.

Reflection

The experience reinforced that good data stories are driven by editorial structure rather than technology. Once the evidence, pacing, and narrative were established, the implementation became a means to support those decisions — not the other way around.

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Project repository

• Interactive article: https://randomness-docket.netlify.app/
• Source code: https://github.com/poncest/randomness-docket

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Appendix: Methodology & Build Notes

Data

• NY State Gaming Commission, Powerball Winning Numbers, 2010–present
• Current-era statistics (all three exhibits): 2015–present draws only, matching the 2015 white-ball pool-size change
• Simulation: 5,000-replicate Monte Carlo using real draw mechanics (5-of-69, no replacement)
• Exhibit A: 26.4% observed vs. 26.3% expected consecutive-pair rate
• Exhibit B: 32.0% observed vs. 32.2% hypergeometric expected overlap rate (n = 1,369 drawing pairs)
• Exhibit C: 48-drawing drought, 16th percentile of simulated distribution

Technical Stack

• Language: R
• Visualization: ggplot2
• Publishing: Quarto (html format, plain CSS sticky positioning)
• Typography: Libre Caslon Display/Text + Archivo
• Deployment: Netlify (quarto publish netlify)